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Basically there are 3 layers.
Database
PHP
Smarty
Smarty allows a pretty basic front end, and still allows coding in it - the coding needs to be smarty coding of course.
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There are many languages to create web site, like java, php, etc. Basicly when using PHP, the PHP is used for logic parts and connected to database. We still need HTML for page look or layout. Before Smarty, people mix the PHP and HTML in one page. It is very hard part to seperate the work for programmer to design logic and web designer to design page look.
Using Smarty, the logic (PHP) and look (HTML) in seperate pages and using Smarty to link them. So whem web designer modify the page look, he don't need to tell programmer. In the other side, when the programmer want to change the page logic, he don't need to change the page look. All connected by Smarty.
For example in XCart, if you buy a template from three party. You just need put the files for "look" in the directory and it works! You don't need to touch other parts at all. They are seperate. Very neat and clean!
Do I make it more confused?
Good luck!